End of Poverty Guide Essay Example for Free

End of Poverty Guide Essay Sachs tosses out the ordinary perspectives about the reasons for neediness in nations, for example that individuals are lethargic or moronic, or the nations are not just, and that defilement is wide-spread. 50% of the world’s populace exists on short of what one dollar for each day. He accepts that a significant part of the issue is basic, which must be managed through the assistance of the rich nations. Sachs accepts, as a matter of first importance, that all current obligation owed by the poor nations ought to be dropped. Also, if the rich nations would expand their improvement help from .2% to .7% there would be sufficient cash accessible to build the monetary development with the goal that all nations would never again be incredibly poor. On the off chance that MAI is to get known as an organization which shows another method of managing neediness, at that point we have to get mindful of this book and Sachs comprehension and way to deal with destitution. Section Twelve truly addresses CHE. I have attempted to survey what has appeared to me to be the most striking focuses, section by part. All sections are not rewarded similarly. I fundamentally do this activity for myself to assist me with understanding the key focuses from the book. In the event that they are of any assistance to other people, at that point that is an or more. I have broadly expounded in the different rundown I have done due to the conceivable direction this book can give us for another worldview for managing destitution exclusively, locally, broadly and all inclusive (which as a general rule we are as of now out and about in doing). A few things are both basic and legislative issues and I am not proposing that we engage in these, however change must start at the town level and afterward we can scale up our qualities from that point. Section OneA Global Family Portrait Sachs makes way for his proposition and book utilizing instances of Malawi, Bangladesh, India, and China to show various degrees of neediness. He talks adjoin the rising stepping stool of financial advancement for nations. †¢ Lowest are the individuals who are excessively sick, hungry, or desperate to get even a foot on the base bar of the advancement stepping stool. They make up the last 1/6 of the world’s populace, or one billion individuals. They are the most unfortunate of poor people and live on under $1 per day. †¢ A couple of rungs up the stepping stool at the upper finish of the low-pay nations are another 1.5 billion individuals. They live simply over the resource level. These two gatherings make up 40% of the world’s populace. CHE targets both of these gatherings, and particularly with the principal gathering. †¢ Another 2.5 billion incorporate the IT laborers of India. The vast majority of them live in the urban areas and are respectably poor. †¢ One billion or one-6th of the world originate from the rich created nations. Sachs says the best disaster within recent memory is that one-6th of the world’s populace isn't even on the principal rung of the stepping stool. Countless the incredibly poor in level one are trapped in the destitution trap and can't get away from it. They are caught by illness, physical detachment, atmosphere stress, ecological corruption, and extraordinary destitution itself. He breaks destitution into three levels: †¢ Extreme destitution implies family units can't address essential issues for endurance. This just happens in creating nations. World Bank says their pay is under $1 per day. †¢ Moderate neediness is the place needs are commonly scarcely met. World Bank says this speaks to nations where their pay falls somewhere in the range of $1 and $2 every day. †¢ Relative destitution by and large portrays family salary level at being underneath a given level of the normal national pay. You discover this in created nations. He at that point presents the Challenge of our Generation which incorporates: †¢ Helping the least fortunate of the poor break the hopelessness of extraordinary neediness and assist them with starting their move up the stepping stool of financial turn of events. †¢ Ensuring all who are the world’s poor, including modestly poor, get an opportunity to move higher in financial turn of events. He accepts that the accompanying should be possible: †¢ Meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. †¢ End extraordinary neediness by 2025. †¢ To guarantee certainly before 2025, that the entirety of the world’s poor nations can gain dependable ground up the stepping stool of monetary turn of events. †¢ To achieve this with humble money related assistance from the wealth nations, which will be more than is presently given per capita. Section TwoThe Spread of Economic Prosperity Sachs utilizes a few charts in this part. I won't broadly expound on these, however I will call attention to some notable focuses: †¢ All areas of the world were poor in 1820. †¢ All locales experienced monetary advancement, however some significantly more than others. †¢ Today’s most extravagant districts experienced by a wide margin the best financial advancement. For instance, Africa has just developed at .7% every year while the USA at 1.7%. This may not appear to be a lot, however when intensified year-by-year, it brings about the extraordinary contrasts between the two. †¢ The key certainty today isn't the exchange of salary starting with one district then onto the next, yet rather that the general increment in the world’s pay is going on at various rates in various locales. Until the 1700’s, the world was amazingly poor by today’s measures. A significant change was the mechanical transformation going to specific districts and not to others. The steam motor was a definitive defining moment since it prepared the huge store of essential vitality which opened the large scale manufacturing of merchandise and enterprises. Current vitality filled each part of the monetary departure. As coal energized industry, industry filled political force. Britain’s modern advancement made a gigantic military and money related bit of leeway. Be that as it may, Britain additionally had existing individual activity and social versatility than most different nations of the world. They likewise had a reinforcing of organization and freedom. England additionally had a significant geological advantageone of separation and security of the ocean, notwithstanding access to the seas for overall transportation for their products and importation of other countries’ merchandise. Sachs then proceeds to diagram what has cultivated major monetary development: †¢ Modern financial development is joined by individuals moving to the urban communities, or urbanization. This implies less and less individuals produce the food that is required for the nation. Ideally, food cost per rancher diminishes as bigger plots are cultivated all the more profitably. This additionally implies inadequately populated land bodes well when numerous homesteads are expected to develop the harvests, however scanty land has neither rhyme nor reason when an ever increasing number of individuals are occupied with assembling in the urban areas. †¢ Modern monetary development cultivated an upset in social portability which influenced social positioning of individuals. A fixed social request relies upon business as usual and agrarian populace. †¢ There is an adjustment in sexual orientation jobs with monetary turn of events. This influences everyday environments just as family s tructure. The ideal number of youngsters diminishes. †¢ The division of work increments. By spend significant time in one action rather than many, profitability increments. The dissemination of monetary development happened in three fundamental structures: †¢ From Britain to its states in North America, Australia and New Zealand. (It was in this way generally straight-forward to move British advances, food crops and even lawful organizations.) †¢ A subsequent dissemination occurred inside Europe that ran from Western Europe to Eastern Europe, and from Northern Europe to Southern Europe. †¢ The third influx of dissemination was from Europe to Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Sachs accepts that the absolute most significant explanation behind flourishing spread is the transmission of innovation and the thoughts hidden it. The innovative advances came at various occasions. †¢ The main wave spun around the creation of the steam motor which prompted industrial facility delivering merchandise. †¢ The second wave in the nineteenth century was driven by the presentation of the rail and transmit. It additionally incorporated the presentation of steam transports as opposed to cruising ones, and the development of the Suez Canal. †¢ The third wave was started by jolt of industry and urban culture. Alongside this came the improvement of the inner burning motor. †¢ The fourth wave came in the twentieth century with the globalization of the world because of new techniques for correspondence beginning in Europe. †¢ There came a period of an extraordinary crack which occurred with the beginning of World War I, and diverted advancement for a spe ll. This prompted the Great Depression which prompted World War II. †¢ A fifth wave occurred directly after World War II, and in 1991. It started with the huge endeavors of remaking of Europe and Japan directly after World War II. Exchange obstructions started to descend. There were three universes: the first was the grown West, the second was included Socialist nations, and the third was comprised of lacking nations (which were comprised of the old settlement nations). The world thusly advanced on three tracks. The issue was that the second and third universes didn't partake in monetary development and really moved in reverse. By shutting their economies, they cut off themselves from financial turn of events. So I'm not catching this' meaning to the least fortunate of the poor nations? †¢ They didn't start their financial development until some other time. †¢ They confronted geological obstructions of being land-bolted †¢ They confronted the fierce abuse of the pilgrim powers. †¢ They settled on deplorably terrible decisions in their national strategies. Part ThreeWhy Some Countries Fail In this part, Sachs takes a gander at the reason for destitution and potential arrangements. He first arrangements with, how a family’s per-capita pay may increment: †¢ The primary path is through reserve funds either in real money or comparative resources like creatures, and so on †¢ The subsequent way is moving

How to Find the Symbol of an Ion

The most effective method to Find the Symbol of an Ion This worked science issue shows how to decide the image for the particle when given the quantity of protons and electrons. Issue: Give the image of a particle that has 10 e-and 7 p. Arrangement: The documentation e-alludes to electrons and p alludes to protons. The quantity of protons is a components nuclear number. Utilize the occasional table to discover the component with a nuclear number of 7. This component is nitrogen, which has the image N. The issue expresses that there are a greater number of electrons than protons, so we realize the particle has a negative net charge. Decide the net charge by taking a gander at the distinction in the quantity of protons and electrons: 10 - 7 3 a bigger number of electrons than protons, or a 3-charge. Answer: N3- Shows for Writing Ions When composing the image for a particle, the a couple of letter component image is composed first, trailed by a superscript. The superscript has the quantity of charges on the particle followed by a (for positive particles or cations) or - (for negative particles or anions). Nonpartisan particles have a charge of zero, so no superscript is given. In the event that the charge is/ - one, the 1 is precluded. Along these lines, for instance, the charge on a chlorine particle would be composed as Cl-, not Cl1-. General Guidelines for Finding Ions At the point when the quantities of protons and electrons are given, its simple to make sense of the ionic charge. All the more frequently, you wont be given this data. You can utilize the intermittent table to anticipate numerous particles. The main gathering (antacid metals) as a rule have a 1 charge; the subsequent gathering (soluble earths) for the most part have a 2 charge; incandescent lamp ordinarily have a - 1 charge; and honorable gases commonly dont structure particles. The metals structure a wide assortment of particles, generally with a positive charge.

Tips for Successful Studying

Tips for Successful Studying Tips for Successful Studying Home›Education Posts›Tips for Successful Studying Education PostsEvery person should know that knowledge rules the planet. In fact, knowledge is a much greater force than money, and that is why, studying is one of the most important aspects of our lives. Of course, studying is not the most lovable thing for absolutely all people. However, planning the studying process properly may turn it from a boring daily routine to a very interesting and even fascinating activity. With a few simple studying tips you will improve your studying skills and academic results.1. Arrange Your Studying According to Your Productivity PeriodsFind the exact time when your brain works at full capacity and try to learn the most difficult tasks during that time. Different people have it in different periods of the day. You need to figure out what time of the day is the best for you to study (morning, day, evening, or even night).2. Find New Solutions to Your Studying ProblemsT he majority of people cannot be good in many spheres and some course material can be really hard to understand and memorize. If you do not understand the material you need to study, do not continue reading it over and over again as this just won’t help. The best solution is to consult with other people who are more successful in dealing with the new information, for example, your classmates or even your professor. Or you can always ask for professional help at qualitycustomessays.com.3. Search for the New Ways to LearnOnly reading can be boring itself. And when you are bored, it is harder to study. Find another way to memorize new information. It can be even in a form of a puzzle game with your friends. In this case you can both study and have a wonderful time. Researches showed that if memorizing information involves positive emotions, it has only a positive impact on your studying.4. Help Your BrainEverybody knows that our body needs vitamins and minerals for the proper function ing. Especially this concerns our brains. Fast food, junk food, alcohol, and products like that are the worst enemies of your brain. Only healthy food like fruits and vegetables will help your brain to work better and faster.5. What is Important and What is Not?Let’s be honest, some subjects we need to study can be so boring or difficult that no matter how hard we try, we do not get the results needed. In this case, the best solution is to search for professional help with your studying. Instead of forcing yourself to write an essay you don’t want to, you can find many writing companies that will help you with sample papers or can even write essays for you. One of the best examples of such companies is ours where you will find professional help and positive attitude.

Doppler Effect - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 403 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Doppler Effect The  Doppler effect  (or  Doppler shift), named after Austrian  physicist  Christian Doppler  who proposed it in 1842, is the change in  frequency  of a  wave  for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a  siren  or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession. If the source moving away from the observer is emitting waves through a medium with an actual frequency  f0, then an observer stationary relative to the medium detects waves with a frequency  f  given by where  vs  is positive if the source is moving away from the observer, and negative if the source is moving towards the observer. A similar analysis for a moving  observer  and a stationary source yields the observed frequency (the receivers velocity being represented asvr): here the similar convention applies:  vr  is positive if the observer is moving towards the source, and negative if the observer is moving away from the source. These can be generalized into a single equation with both the source and receiver moving. With a relatively slow moving source,  vs,r  is small in comparison to  v  and the equation approximates to where  . However the limitations mentioned above still apply. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Doppler Effect" essay for you Create order When the more complicated exact equation is derived without using any approximations (just assuming that source, receiver, and wave or signal are moving linearly relatively to each other) several interesting and perhaps surprising results are found. For example, as Lord Rayleigh noted in his classic book on sound, by properly moving it would be possible to hear a symphony being played backwards. This is the so-called time reversal effect of the Doppler effect. Other interesting conclusions are that the Doppler effect is ime-dependent in general (thus we need to know not only the source and receivers velocities, but also their positions at a given time), and in some circumstances it is possible to receive two signals or waves from a source, or no signal at all. In addition there are more possibilities than just the receiver approaching the signal and the receiver receding from the signal. All these additional complications are derived for the classical, i. e. , non-relativistic, Doppl er effect, but hold for the  relativistic Doppler effect  as well as.

The Role of Human Capital Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Organizations are now recognizing the need for investing in their workers. They are starting to understand to remain at the top of the world s economy; they have to place more emphasis on retaining and developing their workers. Companies that appreciate the financial effect of their workers usually refer to them as human capital. Human capital is used to refer to the strategic value of the knowledge and abilities of an employee. This valued resource is very valuable in an organization. Human capital offers knowledge and skills to an organization. This ought to be applied where they will be productive and most effective. Employees are team players and as such, they have responsibilities that make the team successful. In their part, employees have the responsibility of managing those that are assigned to them. The success of any organization depends on human capital. There is nothing that goes on in an organization that has no employees. Employees also have the role of developing an o rganization, mostly in the growth of profits (Hieronymi, King Currat, 2004). Organizations are now recognizing the need for investing in their workers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Human Capital or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Employees are team players and as such, they have responsibilities that make the team successful. In their part, employees have the responsibility of managing those that are assigned to them. The success of any organization depends on human capital. There is nothing that goes on in an organization that has no employees. Employees also have the role of developing an organization, mostly in the growth of profits (Hieronymi, King Currat, 2004). The introduction of technology in business resulted in an increase in trade and commerce. Business ideas and models underwent a revolution due to the introduction of technology. This is as a result of technology giving a new and better way of going about with business. It offered a fast, more efficient and convenient manner of performing transactions (Boutellier, Heinzen Raus, 2011). Some of the role of technology in an organization comprises of accounting systems, point of sale, management information systems and othe r simple and complex systems. Most of these make use of gadgets like computers in an organization (Richard, 2004). Technology offers support and security in an organization. With the automated processes offered by technology, there is higher productivity. With technology information is stored with integrity and ease, thus, enhancing confidentiality and security of information. Technology also pushes organizations further. Globalization has been enabled by the use of technology. Therefore, technology enables organizations to have a broader reach in the world market.

Managerial Accounting 222 Free Essays

Managerial Accounting 222 Week 1 Questions 1-1 How does managerial accounting differ from financial accounting? Managerial accounting and financial accounting differs in who the reporting is for and for what purpose. Managerial accounting is for company managers to use to plan, control, and make decisions regarding specific strategies. Financial accounting is prepared for owners, stakeholders, creditors, and government authorities and is used to verify information regarding the economic stability of a company. We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Accounting 222 or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are also specific guidelines that are used (GAAP) in financial accounting and is mandatory whereas there are no guidelines in managerial accounting and is not mandatory. 1-4Why do companies prepare budgets? Preparing budgets gives a company a quantitative plan that will be used to complete a project or strategy. A budget is a guideline for which resources are used and can be compared for performance reports when determining the effectiveness and profitability of a strategy. 1-13Why do companies that implement Lean Production tend to have minimal inventories? Companies that implement Lean Production have minimal inventories because they usually implement a just-in-time production strategy where production is only triggered by customer demand. Therefore, the amount of inventory is usually close or equal to customer orders creating minimal, if any, leftover inventory. 8-2Discuss some of the major benefits to be gained from budgeting. Budgets are beneficial because they can show the organization what strategies management is using to accomplish their business goals. They provide direction for employees to accomplish job duties towards the final result and allows them to understand which strategy is more important through the amount of resources that is allocated towards it. Budgets also ensure that the entire organization is working towards the same goal and provides a starting point for performance evaluations. 8-5Why is the sales forecast the starting point in budgeting? Sales forecasting is the first step in determining the required needs for future production. In order to create a budget that includes all costs related to producing a product for sale, management must determine how many units are forecasted to sell so that an adequate amount of product is produced to meet demand without excessive costs. 8-9How can budgeting assist a company in planning its workforce staffing levels? When a budget is created, the amount of work and units to be produced is also calculated. With this information, a company can plan for its labor workforce without having unexpected labor overages or shortages at any given time. How to cite Managerial Accounting 222, Papers

Marketing and Management Managing Ambiguity and Rejuvenation

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Management for Managing Ambiguity and Rejuvenation. Answer: Introduction The aim of the assignment is to critically analyze the article titled The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills presented by Ann Hutchison and Peter Boxall. The author analyzes the articles and mentions its strengths and weaknesses. The articles surveys and mentions the challenges that the chief executive body faces at New Zealand and the management skill used in the country for its development. According to the article, executives should incorporate three management skills in order for the efficient functioning of the nation. The three management skills are managing business partners and stakeholders, managing ambiguity and rejuvenation and managing humans and the scarce resources. There are various challenges that the executive of New Zealand faces due to the environment that it works in. The main aim of the article is to specify the managerial skills that is required for efficient running of business and country and explain th e challenges that the executives face in New Zealand (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). Body Thesis statement or questions from statement Thesis statement: The challenges chief executives of New Zealand face and its implication on management skills. The aim of the article is to specify the challenges that the executives face in New Zealand and the managerial skills that are required for efficient running of a country or business. Chief executive is body that holds a position of authority and above the post of managers and employees. The situation of the environment greatly affects the working of the government and managers. The question in the article is that what are the challenges that the chief executives in New Zealand face and what methods of managerial skills can be applied to overcome the challenges. The reason for low efficiency of the functioning of the chief executives in New Zealand is due to the poor financial condition of the country. The country is at risk because of the global financial crisis in 2008-2009 that was followed by earthquake in 2010 (Kelsey 2015). New Zealand has many opportunities to grow by expanding the service and manufacturing sector. It is the duty of the management team in the country to help in expanding the skills of the nation. The aim of the article is to specify and report the challenges that New Zealands chief executive face and their implication on the management skills. The environment and the economy of New Zealand showed a drastic change due to the change in market and technologies. This led the managers and executives to face many challenges to efficiently run the country. In different sectors, the management has different roles to play (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). As mentioned in the case study the role of the manager is in the private sector is to reframe the business, cope up with the strategies, and change that is applied by them. In case of public and not for profit organization the role of the management is to improve the financial base and manage the operations of the organization. The role of the mana gement is to meet the demands of people and reduce the costs of organization to help the achieve efficiency. Strengths and weaknesses of the article The article is in accordance with the topic of the articles. As the titles suggests the article reports and specifies the challenges that the chief executives of New Zealand face and its implication on the management skills. The article is very well written that specifies all the points necessary to write an article. The first part of the article specifies the topic of discussion. The article mentions and specifies the challenges that the chief executives in New Zealand face and their implication in management skills (Scott 2016). The strength of the article is that it contains all the information that is required to explain the article. The article explains the economic condition and challenges of New Zealand that affects the functioning of the management. In first paragraph, the article specifies the economy of New Zealand and its condition. This is essential to specify and analyze the impact of the environment and economy challenges on the working of the chief executives. The arti cle not only specifies the challenges that the executives in economy face and but also its implication in management. The article also clearly specifies the managerial skills and development that is required to manage the business and country effectively and efficiently. It specifies the reasons for the executives in New Zealand to face difficulties for managing the country. The article not only specifies the problems and challenges of executives in New Zealand but also the managerial skills that will help the executives in improving the condition of the economy. The article specifies the roles of manager in different sectors and how best it can be utilized to improve the efficiency (Sterling and Boxall 2013). The article is well arranged with an introduction, body and conclusion. The article is properly cited and referenced. The strength of the article is that it is easy and written in simple language that is readable and understandable to everyone. It is written in simple language with all the points clearly mentioned so that the reader does not face any difficulty in relating the points. The weakness of the article is that it contains few information that is not required that makes the article unnecessarily long. The information that is provided about the country New Zealand can be shortened. In addition, the article should elaborate information on the roles and responsibilities of a manger in a country or business so that the readers will be able to understand what a manger actually does in the country. This is necessary to help them relate the topic easily. More of diagrams and charts should be incorporated to make the readings easy. It is necessary to divide the paragraphs giving bullet points to make the reading easy. It is very boring to read long paragraphs and it is time consuming as well. Dividing the paragraphs with a bullet points helps the readers know which points are important and which are not. This will save the time of reader (Tedeschi 2013). Hence, the article has both strengths and weaknesses. However, the article is well written that contains all the information that is required to clarify the topic. Personal viewpoint The surroundings greatly affect the functioning of management. This can be seen from the case study of New Zealand where the chief executives have to face many challenges and problems due to the environment that it functions at. The roles and responsibilities of managers are to support the business stakeholders and help the country and business to grow. The post and duty of managers is full of complexities. The managers should have proper managerial skills in order to operate the organization and the country efficiently. The chief executives have an extensive role and responsibility in case of public sector while they have very less role to play in case of private sector (Arundel et al. 2016). The management has many roles to play apart from managing people and business. Its role is to efficiently expand the business and try solving the problems that the country or the organization faces. The management and executives should not be greatly affected by the environment and surroundings that it works in. The role of the manager is to efficiently do all the work using its managerial skills (Mujtaba 2013). The author agrees to the thesis statement of the article. As mentioned in the topic the article clearly specifies and reports the challenges that the chief executives of New Zealand face and its implication on the management. The entire article revolves around this topic and the thesis statement. Key point of the article The main aim of the article is to specify and report the challenges that executive of New Zealand face and its implication on the management skill. The executives of New Zealand face challenges due to the ambiguous environment of the country. It is essential for the managers to have enhanced skills in order to solve the complexities of businesses. The three responsibilities of managers are to manage people and scarce resources, complexities and uncertainties and stakeholders and business partners. New Zealand as a country has many opportunities to grow and develop. Proper management of operation by the manager can help the businesses and countries to achieve efficiency (Yukl 2012). Conclusion Hence, the main aim of the paper as to critically analyze, article, and present a viewpoint by the author. The article was concerning the challenges that management in New Zealand face and its implication on management skills. It also analyzes the managerial skills that are required to efficiently run the organization and country. The article is well written that consists of all the information that is required to explain the article. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Arundel, A., Butchart, D.B., Gatenby-Clark, S. and Goedegebuure, L., 2016. Management and Service Innovations in Australian and New Zealand Universities. Fortune, T., 2012. Should higher education curriculum develop political acumen among students?.Higher Education Research Development,31(4), pp.611-613. Grantthornton.co.nz. (2016). Not for Profit organisations. [online] Available at: https://www.grantthornton.co.nz/Sectors/Not-for-Profit/index.html [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Hutchison, A. and Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief executives: implications for management skills.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,52(1), pp.23-41. Kelsey, J., 2015.The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment?. Bridget Williams Books. Mujtaba, B.G., 2013.Managerial skills and practices for global leadership. ILEAD Academy. Nzbww.co.nz. (2016). NZBWW - The New Zealand Business Who's Who Ltd an Online business directory listing b2b for finding Corporations - Industrials - Agriculturals. Search for who's who in NZ. Contact Business address. [online] Available at: https://www.nzbww.co.nz/home/home_default.asp [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Scott, R.J., 2016. The performance relationship between department chief executives and the State Services Commission in New Zealand. Sterling, A. and Boxall, P., 2013. Lean production, employee learning and workplace outcomes: a case analysis through the abilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ motivationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ opportunity framework.Human Resource Management Journal,23(3), pp.227-240. Tedeschi, J.T. ed., 2013.Impression management theory and social psychological research. Academic Press. Yukl, G., 2012. Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), pp.66-85.